In this first chapter, we will examine the conceptual basis that enables us to understand what cultural heritage truly is. From there, we will ask ourselves the question: what do we mean by cultural heritage? In this section, we will explore different definitions and approaches that have shaped this concept over time, as well as its evolution towards the broad and inclusive view we hold today.

The section entitled ‘The plurality of values and meanings in cultural heritage’ invites us to reflect on the diversity of perspectives involved in the valuation of heritage. We will analyse how different social groups, historical contexts and cultural visions provide diverse meanings and values to heritage assets, generating a dynamic field of interpretation and debate.

Finally, in the section dedicated to heritage protection, we will focus on the mechanisms and strategies that ensure its conservation and transmission to future generations. We will present the main legal instruments, public policies and management practices that enable its safeguarding at different levels: local, national and international.